APA Referencing Guide

APA Referencing Guide with contribution from Murdoch University 13th Nov, 2009. These guidelines follow the principles and examples given in the fifth edition of the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) and the recent companion publication, APAStyle.org.

In Text Referencing

APA style uses the author-date method when referring to a source of information within the text of a document. In its simplest form, a short citation is given consisting of the name of the author and the date of publication in round brackets e.g. (Jones, 2009). This can include page numbers if you need to be specific. The full details of the source are given in a reference list at the end of the document.

No distinction is made between books, journal articles, web documents or other formats except for electronic documents that do not provide page numbers. In this instance, use the paragraph number if available with the abbreviation para.

For example, a reference to a book appearing in the text as (Kline, 2000, pp. 26-27) would be found in the reference list in the following form:

Kline, P. (2000). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd ed.). London, New York: Routledge.

A reference to a journal article appearing as (Foo & Kelso, 2001, p. 222) would bereferenced:

Foo, P., & Kelso, J. A. (2001). Goal directed meaning connects perception and specification. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(2), 222 - 223.

A reference to an electronic document would be cited in the text in the same way as a print document. In this example, the web document by (Hedtke, 2009, para. 3) would be cited in the reference list as:

Hedtke, L.P. (2009). Crafty Librarians/Librarian Crafts. Library Ideas,13. Retrieved 27 th October, 2009. from http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/libreas/13/hedtke-lacey-prpic-47/PDF/hedtke.pdf

The reference should be placed at the end of the sentence wherever possible. Alternatively, the author's name may be included in the text, and just the date and additional information placed within the brackets.

Creating a reference list

All documents cited in your assignment are listed in a single alphabetical list at the end of the assignment. The list is arranged by the author's surname, or title if no author is given. Only the author's initials are included regardless of the presentation of the author's name in the source document. The given name may be cited in full if it is needed to correctly identify the author, for example, where different authors have the same surname and initials.

Books

Standard format for citation

Single author
Johnson, J. (2004). Adolescence: A time of change. New York: Whitsons Press.

Two authors
Coventry, B., & Coventry, J. (2006). Change as a process. Sydney: Pearson Educational Press

Three or more authors
Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. L., & Rubin, D. B. (2000). Contrasts and effect sizes in behavioral research: A correlational approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Edited work
Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (1999). Coping: The psychology of what works. New York: Oxford University Press.

Later edition
Newcomb, H. (Ed.). (2000). Television: The critical view (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

No author
The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. (1991). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

No date of publication
Menton, K., et al. (Eds.). (n.d.). Education and instruction: Research in an Australian context. (Vol. 2). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

Two or more books by the same author published in the same year
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. New York: Collier Books.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying. New York: Collier Books.

Multivolume work
Russell, B. (1967). The autobiography of Bertrand Russell (Vols. 1-3). London: Allen & Unwin.

Parts of a book

These examples are for chapters or parts of edited works in which the chapters or parts have individual title and author/s, but are included in collections or textbooks edited by others.

Standard format for citation

Author of Part, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or part. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title: Subtitle of book (edition., inclusive page numbers). Place of publication: Publisher.

Article/chapter in a book
Pither, B. (2008). Oppression in mental health policy. In S. Johnson & Y. Heston (Eds.), Social policy for the turn of the century (pp. 16 - 29). Sydney: Pearson Educational Press.

Article in an encyclopaedia, no author
Mental disorders and their treatment. (1987). In The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (5th ed., Vol. 23, pp. 956-975). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Conference or seminar paper
Rowling, L. (1993, September). Schools and grief: How does Australia compare to the United States. In Wandarna Coowar: Hidden grief: Proceedings of the 8th National Conference of the National Association for Loss and Grief (Australia), Yeppoon, Queensland (pp. 196-201). Turramurra, NSW: National Association for Loss and Grief.

Journal Articles

Arrange information about the source in the order given in the example below.  Only the first word of the article title is capitalized. If each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in brackets immediately after the volume number. Precede page numbers for newspapers only with p. or pp.

Standard format for citation

Article Author, A. A., & Article Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number if necessary), inclusive page numbers.

Journal article
Parker, G., & Roy, K. (2001). Adolescent depression: A review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 572-580.

Newspaper article
Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill: Who is the victim when a battered woman kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6.

Magazine article with no author
The pain of being a caffeine freak. (2001, October 6). New Scientist, 172(2311), 27.

Electronic Documents

A useful guide to what you need to record when citing an electronic document.

Standard format for citation

Name of author(s) if given. (Year or date of publication (or date site was created or updated), Title of the document: subtitle. The title of web site or database, the pages, sections or paragraphs (if given), Retrieved month day and year, from the web address.

Non-Book Formats

Standard format for citation

Artist, A. A. (Credit), & Artist, B. B. (Credit). (Year of copyright, Date of recording). Title: Subtitle [format]. Place of recording: Publisher. (Year of recording if different from year of copyright).

Please note: format normally follows the title or part title.

Podcasts

Buckham, R (Presenter (2009, November 7). Does language loss really matter, Lingua Franca:]. Sydney: ABC Radio National. Retrieved November 13, 2009, from http://www.abc.net.au/rn/linguafranca/

Gary, S.. (Presenter). (2009, November 11th). Mystery supernova made to measure. StarStuff [Podcast radio programme]. Sydney: ABC News Radio. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/science/starstuff/

Other Formats

DVD
Moore, M. (Writer/Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine. [DVD]. Melbourne: AV Channel.

Radio Programme
Browning, D. (Presenter). (2006, June 9). Black soccer heroes. Message Stick [Radio programme]. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. Sydney: ABC Radio.

Television Programme
Masters, Chris. (Presenter). (2006, March 27). Big Fish, Little Fish. Four Corners [Television programme]. Sydney: ABC Television.

Video recording
Russell, G. (Writer, Producer and Narrator), & Wiseman, P. (Producer). (1995). Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective [Video recording]. Melbourne, Australia: Video Classroom.

Sound recording
Bolton, G. C. (Speaker). (1975). Towards an Australian environmental history [Cassette recording]. Perth, Australia: Media Services, Murdoch University.

Microform
French, L. A. (1986). Cognitive consequences of education: transfer of training in the elderly (Ph.D. thesis - University of Illinois, 1980) [Microform]. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.